J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 1, February 2024, pages 33-39

Vitamin B12 Status Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

**Table 1.** Demographics, Clinical Characteristics and Lab Test Results for T2DM Patients and Controls (n = 353)
Characteristic	Patients (n = 263)	Controls (n = 90)	P-value
Comparisons between groups using unpaired Student’s t-test. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. The distribution of gender among groups is expressed as numbers (%) of males versus females. *P < 0.05. ^aIn 138 subjects (117 patients and 21 controls) data on methylmalonic acid were missing. BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb: hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; SBP: systolic blood pressure; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; WBC: white blood cell.
Age (years)	53.0 ± 8.6	38.3 ± 10.3	< 0.001*
Male (n, %)	108 (41%)	21 (22%)	0.001*
Female (n, %)	155 (59%)	69 (78%)	0.001*
BMI (kg/m²)	32.2 ± 6.8	32.9 ± 6.7	0.360
Waist circumference (cm)	103.0 ± 15.3	99.3 ± 11.1	0.015*
Diabetes history duration (years)	12.0 ± 6.8	NA
SBP (mm Hg)	132.0 ± 14.0	123.3 ± 13.2	< 0.001*
DBP (mm Hg)	72.0 ± 9.1	70.4 ± 10.4	0.132
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²⁾	90.0 ± 22.0	108.0 ± 14.0	< 0.001*
Serum creatinine (µmol/L)	61.5 ± 18.2	59.2 ± 11.7	0.172
TSH (mU/L)	2.1 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 1.9	0.653
Transcobalamin (pmol/L)	271.4 ± 117.6	261.7 ± 101.0	0.450
Homocysteine (µmol/L)	11.5 ± 3.9	9.8 ± 2.4	< 0.001*
Holo-transcobalamin (pmol/L)	81.3 ± 33.2	68.1 ± 31.4	0.002*
Methylmalonic acid (ng/mL)	2.6 ± 2.0	4.9 ± 2.2	< 0.001*^a
Hb (g/L)	130.6 ± 18.3	127.2 ± 17.1	0.114
MCV (fL)	78.4 ± 7.2	79.0 ± 7.0	0.516
HCT (vol%)	40.0 ± 4.9	38.7 ± 3.9	0.003*
WBC (× 10⁹/L)	7.5 ± 1.8	6.4 ± 1.7	< 0.001*
Neutrophils (× 10⁹/L)	4.0 ± 1.5	3.4 ± 1.2	< 0.001*
Platelets (× 10⁹/L)	265.0 ± 81.5	278.4 ± 72.1	0.158

Table 1. Demographics, Clinical Characteristics and Lab Test Results for T2DM Patients and Controls (n = 353)

Characteristic

Patients (n = 263)

Controls (n = 90)

P-value

Comparisons between groups using unpaired Student’s t-test. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. The distribution of gender among groups is expressed as numbers (%) of males versus females. *P < 0.05. ^aIn 138 subjects (117 patients and 21 controls) data on methylmalonic acid were missing. BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb: hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; SBP: systolic blood pressure; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; WBC: white blood cell.

Age (years)

53.0 ± 8.6

38.3 ± 10.3

< 0.001*

Male (n, %)

108 (41%)

21 (22%)

0.001*

Female (n, %)

155 (59%)

69 (78%)

0.001*

BMI (kg/m²)

32.2 ± 6.8

32.9 ± 6.7

0.360

Waist circumference (cm)

103.0 ± 15.3

99.3 ± 11.1

0.015*

Diabetes history duration (years)

12.0 ± 6.8

SBP (mm Hg)

132.0 ± 14.0

123.3 ± 13.2

< 0.001*

DBP (mm Hg)

72.0 ± 9.1

70.4 ± 10.4

0.132

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²⁾

90.0 ± 22.0

108.0 ± 14.0

< 0.001*

Serum creatinine (µmol/L)

61.5 ± 18.2

59.2 ± 11.7

0.172

TSH (mU/L)

2.1 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 1.9

0.653

Transcobalamin (pmol/L)

271.4 ± 117.6

261.7 ± 101.0

0.450

Homocysteine (µmol/L)

11.5 ± 3.9

9.8 ± 2.4

< 0.001*

Holo-transcobalamin (pmol/L)

81.3 ± 33.2

68.1 ± 31.4

0.002*

Methylmalonic acid (ng/mL)

2.6 ± 2.0

4.9 ± 2.2

< 0.001*^a

Hb (g/L)

130.6 ± 18.3

127.2 ± 17.1

0.114

MCV (fL)

78.4 ± 7.2

79.0 ± 7.0

0.516

HCT (vol%)

40.0 ± 4.9

38.7 ± 3.9

0.003*

WBC (× 10⁹/L)

7.5 ± 1.8

6.4 ± 1.7

< 0.001*

Neutrophils (× 10⁹/L)

4.0 ± 1.5

3.4 ± 1.2

< 0.001*

Platelets (× 10⁹/L)

265.0 ± 81.5

278.4 ± 72.1

0.158

**Table 2.** Analysis of Transcobalamin, Homocysteine, Holo-Transcobalamin and Methylmalonic Acid in Diabetes Patients and Controls (n = 353)
Parameter	Patients (n = 263)	Controls (n = 90)	P-value
Comparisons between the two groups using linear regression analysis controlled for gender and age. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05. ^aIn 138 subjects (117 patients and 21 controls) data on methylmalonic acid were missing.
Transcobalamin (pmol/L)	271.4 ± 117.6	261.7 ± 101.0	0.475
Homocysteine (µmol/L)	11.5 ± 3.9	9.8 ± 2.4	0.368
Holo-transcobalamin (pmol/L)	81.3 ± 33.2	68.1 ± 31.4	0.527
Methylmalonic acid (ng/mL)	2.6 ± 2.0	4.9 ± 2.2	< 0.001*^a

Table 2. Analysis of Transcobalamin, Homocysteine, Holo-Transcobalamin and Methylmalonic Acid in Diabetes Patients and Controls (n = 353)

Parameter

Patients (n = 263)

Controls (n = 90)

P-value

Comparisons between the two groups using linear regression analysis controlled for gender and age. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05. ^aIn 138 subjects (117 patients and 21 controls) data on methylmalonic acid were missing.

Transcobalamin (pmol/L)

271.4 ± 117.6

261.7 ± 101.0

0.475

Homocysteine (µmol/L)

11.5 ± 3.9

9.8 ± 2.4

0.368

Holo-transcobalamin (pmol/L)

81.3 ± 33.2

68.1 ± 31.4

0.527

Methylmalonic acid (ng/mL)

2.6 ± 2.0

4.9 ± 2.2

< 0.001*^a