J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 3, June 2024, pages 149-157

Diagnostic Performance of Anthropometric Weight and Height Markers Associated With Insulin Resistance Diagnosis

Figure 1. ROC curves graph. (a) General. (b) In women. (c) In men. ROC: receiver operating characteristic; CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index.

**Table 1.** Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics of Participants
Characteristic	N = 976
Data were expressed as n (%) or mean (standard deviation (SD)). CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index.
Sex
Female	516 (52.87%)
Male	460 (47.13%)
Age
29 to 44 years	427 (43.75%)
45 to 59 years	404 (41.39%)
60 years to more	145 (14.86%)
Group
Migrant	586 (60.04%)
Rural	191 (19.57%)
Urban	199 (20.39%)
Physical activity
High	431 (44.52%)
Low	253 (26.14%)
Moderate	284 (29.34%)
Alcohol volume
High	87 (8.91%)
Low	889 (91.09%)
Current smoker
No	866 (88.73%)
Yes	110 (11.27%)
Insulin resistance
No	809 (82.89%)
Yes	167 (17.11%)
Body mass index	26.5 (4.6)
Triponderal mass index	17.3 (3.2)
New body mass index	27.8 (5.0)
CUN-BAE index	26 (7)

Table 1. Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics of Participants

Characteristic

N = 976

Data were expressed as n (%) or mean (standard deviation (SD)). CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index.

Sex

Female

516 (52.87%)

Male

460 (47.13%)

Age

29 to 44 years

427 (43.75%)

45 to 59 years

404 (41.39%)

60 years to more

145 (14.86%)

Group

Migrant

586 (60.04%)

Rural

191 (19.57%)

Urban

199 (20.39%)

Physical activity

High

431 (44.52%)

Low

253 (26.14%)

Moderate

284 (29.34%)

Alcohol volume

High

87 (8.91%)

Low

889 (91.09%)

Current smoker

866 (88.73%)

Yes

110 (11.27%)

Insulin resistance

809 (82.89%)

Yes

167 (17.11%)

Body mass index

26.5 (4.6)

Triponderal mass index

17.3 (3.2)

New body mass index

27.8 (5.0)

CUN-BAE index

26 (7)

**Table 2.** Bivariate Analysis of the Characteristics Associated With Insulin Resistance
Characteristic	Insulin resistance	P value^a
Data were expressed as n (%) or mean (standard deviation (SD)). ^aPearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch two sample t-test. ^bP < 0.05. CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index.
Sex			< 0.001^b
Female	397 (76.94%)	119 (23.06%)
Male	412 (89.57%)	48 (10.43%)
Age			0.018^b
29 to 44 years	357 (83.61%)	70 (16.39%)
45 to 59 years	322 (79.70%)	82 (20.30%)
60 years to more	130 (89.66%)	15 (10.34%)
Group			< 0.001^b
Migrant	482 (82.25%)	104 (17.75%)
Rural	187 (97.91%)	4 (2.09%)
Urban	140 (70.35%)	59 (29.65%)
Physical activity			< 0.001^b
High	382 (88.63%)	49 (11.37%)
Low	198 (78.26%)	55 (21.74%)
Moderate	222 (78.17%)	62 (21.83%)
Alcohol volume			0.041^b
High	79 (90.80%)	8 (9.20%)
Low	730. (82.11%)	159 (17.89%)
Current smoker			0.161
No	723 (83.49%)	143 (16.51%)
Yes	86 (78.18%)	24 (21.82%)
Body mass index	25.5 (3.8)	31.6 (4.9)	< 0.001^b
Triponderal mass index	16.6 (2.7)	20.6 (3.5)	< 0.001^b
New body mass index	26.7 (4.1)	33.1 (5.3)	< 0.001^b
CUN-BAE index	24 (7)	31 (6)	< 0.001^b

Table 2. Bivariate Analysis of the Characteristics Associated With Insulin Resistance

Characteristic

Insulin resistance

P value^a

No (n = 811)

Yes (n = 167)

Data were expressed as n (%) or mean (standard deviation (SD)). ^aPearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch two sample t-test. ^bP < 0.05. CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index.

Sex

< 0.001^b

Female

397 (76.94%)

119 (23.06%)

Male

412 (89.57%)

48 (10.43%)

Age

0.018^b

29 to 44 years

357 (83.61%)

70 (16.39%)

45 to 59 years

322 (79.70%)

82 (20.30%)

60 years to more

130 (89.66%)

15 (10.34%)

Group

< 0.001^b

Migrant

482 (82.25%)

104 (17.75%)

Rural

187 (97.91%)

4 (2.09%)

Urban

140 (70.35%)

59 (29.65%)

Physical activity

< 0.001^b

High

382 (88.63%)

49 (11.37%)

Low

198 (78.26%)

55 (21.74%)

Moderate

222 (78.17%)

62 (21.83%)

Alcohol volume

0.041^b

High

79 (90.80%)

8 (9.20%)

Low

730. (82.11%)

159 (17.89%)

Current smoker

0.161

723 (83.49%)

143 (16.51%)

Yes

86 (78.18%)

24 (21.82%)

Body mass index

25.5 (3.8)

31.6 (4.9)

< 0.001^b

Triponderal mass index

16.6 (2.7)

20.6 (3.5)

< 0.001^b

New body mass index

26.7 (4.1)

33.1 (5.3)

< 0.001^b

CUN-BAE index

24 (7)

31 (6)

< 0.001^b

**Table 3.** Simple and Adjusted Multivariate Regression Analysis of the BMI, TPI, NBMI and CUN-BAE Quartiles for IR
Characteristic	Univariable	Multivariable
^aAdjusted for: sex, age, group, current smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. ^bP < 0.05. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; TPI: triponderal index; BMI: body mass index; NBMI: new BMI; CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index.
Body mass index
Tertile 1	Reference			Reference
Tertile 2	3.87	1.75 - 9.81	0.002^b	2.74	1.21 - 7.04	0.022^b
Tertile 3	31	15.3 - 74.4	< 0.001^b	18.2	8.73 - 44.6	< 0.001^b
Triponderal mass index
Tertile 1	Reference			Reference
Tertile 2	4.08	1.94 - 9.67	< 0.001^b	3.24	1.51 - 7.79	0.004^b
Tertile 3	25.2	12.8 - 57.0	< 0.001^b	17.2	8.34 - 40.6	< 0.001^b
New body mass index
Tertile 1	Reference			Reference
Tertile 2	3.38	1.57 - 8.09	0.003^b	2.56	1.17 - 6.21	0.025^b
Tertile 3	26.7	13.6 - 60.4	< 0.001^b	16.5	8.12 - 38.3	< 0.001^b
CUN-BAE index
Tertile 1	Reference			Reference
Tertile 2	6.54	3.20 - 15.2	< 0.001^b	12.9	6.01 - 31.0	< 0.001^b
Tertile 3	142	46.0 - 510	< 0.001^b	20.8	10.6 - 47.1	< 0.001^b

Table 3. Simple and Adjusted Multivariate Regression Analysis of the BMI, TPI, NBMI and CUN-BAE Quartiles for IR

Characteristic

Univariable

Multivariable

aOR

95% CI

P value

aOR^a

95% CI

P value

^aAdjusted for: sex, age, group, current smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. ^bP < 0.05. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; TPI: triponderal index; BMI: body mass index; NBMI: new BMI; CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index.

Body mass index

Tertile 1

Reference

Tertile 2

3.87

1.75 - 9.81

0.002^b

2.74

1.21 - 7.04

0.022^b

Tertile 3

15.3 - 74.4

< 0.001^b

18.2

8.73 - 44.6

< 0.001^b

Triponderal mass index

Tertile 1

Reference

Tertile 2

4.08

1.94 - 9.67

< 0.001^b

3.24

1.51 - 7.79

0.004^b

Tertile 3

25.2

12.8 - 57.0

< 0.001^b

17.2

8.34 - 40.6

< 0.001^b

New body mass index

Tertile 1

Reference

Tertile 2

3.38

1.57 - 8.09

0.003^b

2.56

1.17 - 6.21

0.025^b

Tertile 3

26.7

13.6 - 60.4

< 0.001^b

16.5

8.12 - 38.3

< 0.001^b

CUN-BAE index

Tertile 1

Reference

Tertile 2

6.54

3.20 - 15.2

< 0.001^b

12.9

6.01 - 31.0

< 0.001^b

Tertile 3

142

46.0 - 510

< 0.001^b

20.8

10.6 - 47.1

< 0.001^b

**Table 4.** Diagnostic Values for Insulin Resistance
	Cutoffs	AUC	Se (%)	Sp (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	LR+	LR-
Se: sensibility; Sp: specificity; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; LR+: likelihood ratio positive; LR-: likelihood ratio negative; CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index; AUC: area under the curve.
General
Body mass index	27.44	0.854 (0.824, 0.884)	85.03 (78.70, 90.07)	73.42 (70.23, 76.44)	39.78 (36.07, 51,34)	95.96 (93.92, 96,54)	3.20 (2.81, 3.65)	0.20 (0.14, 0.29)
Triponderal mass index	17.78	0.832 (0.801, 0.864)	80.84 (74.04, 86.50)	72.81 (69.60, 75.84)	38.03 (34.41, 48.25)	94.85 (92.57, 95.57)	2.97 (2.60, 3.40)	0.26 (0.19, 0.36)
New body mass index	28.97	0.847 (0.816, 0.877)	81.44 (74.70, 87.02)	75.03 (71.89, 77.97)	40.24 (36.44, 50.72)	95.14 (92.95, 95.84)	3.26 (2.84, 3.75)	0.24 (0.18, 0.34)
CUN-BAE index	31.75	0.778 (0.740, 0.816)	64.67 (56.91, 71.89)	80.34 (77.44, 83.03)	40.45 (36.32, 48.70)	91.68 (88.83, 92.95)	3.29 (2.75, 3.93)	0.44 (0.36, 0.54)
Women
Body mass index	27.65	0.829 (0.788, 0.870)	84.87 (77.15, 90.78)	69.27 (64.47, 73.77)	45.29 (39.99, 59.23)	93.86 (90.19, 95.01)	2.76 (2.33, 3.26)	0.21 (0.14, 0.33)
Triponderal mass index	18.04	0.806 (0.762, 0.850)	86.55 (79.90, 92.11)	62.47 (57.50, 67.24)	40.87 (35.98, 55.64)	93.94 (90.10, 95.03)	2.31 (1.99, 2.66)	0.22 (0.14, 0.34)
New body mass index	30.03	0.819 (0.777, 0.861)	78.99 (70.57, 85.91)	73.80 (69.18, 78.06)	47.47 (41.87, 59.46)	92.14 (88.20, 93.67)	3.02 (2.50, 3.64)	0.28 (0.20, 0.40)
CUN-BAE index	31.98	0.813 (0.771, 0.855)	88.24 (81.05, 93.41)	63.48 (58.53, 68.22)	42.00 (37.03, 57.80)	94.74 (91.12, 95.69)	2.42 (2.09, 2.79)	0.19 (0.11, 0.30)
Men
Body mass index	27.44	0.872 (0.824, 0.920)	83.33 (69.78, 92.52)	78.64 (74.36, 82.50)	31.25 (26.37, 52.93)	97.59 (94.92, 98.11)	3.90 (3.12, 4.88)	0.21 (0.11, 0.40)
Triponderal mass index	16.44	0.849 (0.801, 0.897)	91.67 (80.02, 97.68)	69.42 (64.72, 73.83)	25.88 (22.01, 57.24)	98.62 (96.30, 98.89)	3.00 (2.53, 3.55)	0.12 (0.05, 0.31)
New body mass index	27.76	0.864 (0.818, 0.911)	85.42 (72.24, 93.93)	75.49 (71.04, 79.56)	28.87 (24.43, 51.75)	97.80 (95.18, 98.25)	3.48 (2.84, 4.28)	0.19 (0.10, 0.38)
CUN-BAE index	20.12	0.878 (0.829, 0.927)	87.50 (74.75, 95.27)	75.97 (71.55, 80.02)	29.79 (25.23, 54.98)	98.12 (95.66, 98.51)	3.64 (2.97, 4.46)	0.16 (0.08, 0.35)

Table 4. Diagnostic Values for Insulin Resistance

Cutoffs

AUC

Se (%)

Sp (%)

PPV (%)

NPV (%)

LR+

LR-

Se: sensibility; Sp: specificity; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; LR+: likelihood ratio positive; LR-: likelihood ratio negative; CUN-BAE index: the University of Navarra Clinic-Body Fat Estimator index; AUC: area under the curve.

General

Body mass index

27.44

0.854 (0.824, 0.884)

85.03 (78.70, 90.07)

73.42 (70.23, 76.44)

39.78 (36.07, 51,34)

95.96 (93.92, 96,54)

3.20 (2.81, 3.65)

0.20 (0.14, 0.29)

Triponderal mass index

17.78

0.832 (0.801, 0.864)

80.84 (74.04, 86.50)

72.81 (69.60, 75.84)

38.03 (34.41, 48.25)

94.85 (92.57, 95.57)

2.97 (2.60, 3.40)

0.26 (0.19, 0.36)

New body mass index

28.97

0.847 (0.816, 0.877)

81.44 (74.70, 87.02)

75.03 (71.89, 77.97)

40.24 (36.44, 50.72)

95.14 (92.95, 95.84)

3.26 (2.84, 3.75)

0.24 (0.18, 0.34)

CUN-BAE index

31.75

0.778 (0.740, 0.816)

64.67 (56.91, 71.89)

80.34 (77.44, 83.03)

40.45 (36.32, 48.70)

91.68 (88.83, 92.95)

3.29 (2.75, 3.93)

0.44 (0.36, 0.54)

Women

Body mass index

27.65

0.829 (0.788, 0.870)

84.87 (77.15, 90.78)

69.27 (64.47, 73.77)

45.29 (39.99, 59.23)

93.86 (90.19, 95.01)

2.76 (2.33, 3.26)

0.21 (0.14, 0.33)

Triponderal mass index

18.04

0.806 (0.762, 0.850)

86.55 (79.90, 92.11)

62.47 (57.50, 67.24)

40.87 (35.98, 55.64)

93.94 (90.10, 95.03)

2.31 (1.99, 2.66)

0.22 (0.14, 0.34)

New body mass index

30.03

0.819 (0.777, 0.861)

78.99 (70.57, 85.91)

73.80 (69.18, 78.06)

47.47 (41.87, 59.46)

92.14 (88.20, 93.67)

3.02 (2.50, 3.64)

0.28 (0.20, 0.40)

CUN-BAE index

31.98

0.813 (0.771, 0.855)

88.24 (81.05, 93.41)

63.48 (58.53, 68.22)

42.00 (37.03, 57.80)

94.74 (91.12, 95.69)

2.42 (2.09, 2.79)

0.19 (0.11, 0.30)

Men

Body mass index

27.44

0.872 (0.824, 0.920)

83.33 (69.78, 92.52)

78.64 (74.36, 82.50)

31.25 (26.37, 52.93)

97.59 (94.92, 98.11)

3.90 (3.12, 4.88)

0.21 (0.11, 0.40)

Triponderal mass index

16.44

0.849 (0.801, 0.897)

91.67 (80.02, 97.68)

69.42 (64.72, 73.83)

25.88 (22.01, 57.24)

98.62 (96.30, 98.89)

3.00 (2.53, 3.55)

0.12 (0.05, 0.31)

New body mass index

27.76

0.864 (0.818, 0.911)

85.42 (72.24, 93.93)

75.49 (71.04, 79.56)

28.87 (24.43, 51.75)

97.80 (95.18, 98.25)

3.48 (2.84, 4.28)

0.19 (0.10, 0.38)

CUN-BAE index

20.12

0.878 (0.829, 0.927)

87.50 (74.75, 95.27)

75.97 (71.55, 80.02)

29.79 (25.23, 54.98)

98.12 (95.66, 98.51)

3.64 (2.97, 4.46)

0.16 (0.08, 0.35)