Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website https://www.jofem.org |
Original Article
Volume 12, Number 3, June 2022, pages 89-96
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
Tables
Demographics | Number of subjects | Median/proportion | IQR/ratio |
---|---|---|---|
BMI: body mass index; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; IQR: interquartile range. | |||
Age (years) | 312 | 73 | 29 - 99 |
Gender: male | 58.33% | 124/212 | |
Height (m) | 297 | 1.68 | 0.91 - 1.7 |
Weight (kg) | 299 | 78.4 | 34 - 150 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 294 | 27.8 | 16.8 - 48.8 |
Race | 312 | ||
Caucasian | 184 | 59% | |
Arab | 36 | 11.5% | |
Asian | 51 | 16.4% | |
Black | 20 | 6.4% | |
Europe | 16 | 5.1% | |
South American | 5 | 1.6% | |
Comorbidities | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 312 | 43.3% | 92 |
Dementia | 312 | 2.2% | 5 |
Pacemaker | 312 | 6.1% | 13 |
Gout | 312 | 14.4% | 31 |
GERD | 312 | 9.9% | 21 |
Atrial fibrillation | 312 | 12.5% | 27 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 312 | 11.5% | 24 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 312 | 9.9% | 21 |
Coronary artery disease | 312 | 26% | 55 |
Congestive heart failure | 312 | 13.5% | 42 |
Cancer | 312 | 31% | 66 |
Liver disease | 312 | 2.2% | 7 |
COPD | 312 | 16.7% | 35 |
Deep venous thrombosis | 312 | 4.2% | 9 |
Dyslipidemia | 312 | 43.2% | 92 |
Hematuria | 312 | 30.7% | 65 |
Proteinuria | 312 | 43.2% | 134 |
Hypothyroidism | 312 | 12.8% | 40 |
Clinic variable | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 306 | 141 | 88 - 239 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 306 | 75 | 40 - 104 |
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 307 | 71 | 32 - 140 |
Medication | |||
Levothyroxine (µg) | 39 | 88 | 0-225 |
Laboratory | |||
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (µIU/L) | 211 | 1.85 | 0.06 - 109.5 |
Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 312 | 34 | 9 - 93 |
Hemoglobin | 312 | ||
< 100 g/L | 14.1% | 30 | |
≥ 100 g/L | 85.9% | 182 | |
Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 312 | 147 | 63 - 626 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 307 | 123 | 76 - 172 |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 306 | 139 | 132 - 145 |
Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 306 | 4.5 | 2.6 - 6.2 |
Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 265 | 26 | 14 - 33 |
Blood urea (mmol/L) | 280 | 10.4 | 2.9 - 42.8 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 295 | 39 | 19.5 - 47 |
Serum uric acid (µmol/L) | 289 | 391 | 117 - 879 |
Total cholesterol | 269 | 4.31 | 1.92 - 8.63 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 264 | 1.14 | 0.54 - 2.64 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 264 | 2.29 | 0.56 - 5.85 |
Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 218 | 2.38 | 2.16 - 2.76 |
Ionized calcium (mmol/L) | 78 | 1.26 | 1.13 - 1.39 |
Serum phosphate (mmol/L) | 291 | 1.2 | 0.63 - 2.26 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 241 | 5.5 | 2.03 - 293 |
Ferritin (µg/L) | 279 | 72 | 2.22 - 1022 |
HbA1c (%) | 275 | 5.8 | 4.8 - 11.3 |
Absolute HbA1c (%) | 273 | 7.3 | 4.1 - 15.1 |
Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) | 270 | 10.2 | 0.24 - 1,414 |
eGFR slope (mL/min/1.73 m3/day) | 306 | -0.00270 | -0.158 - 0.602 |
Radiology | |||
Right kidney (cm) | 289 | 9.9 | 3.2 - 27.5 |
Left kidney (cm) | 294 | 10 | 5 - 28.2 |
Average kidney (cm) | 289 | 9.8 | 4.8 - 27.9 |
Total kidney volume (mL3) | 294 | 257.8 | 66 - 3,765.4 |
Demographics | CKD 1-2 (N = 19) | CKD 3 (N = 112) | CKD 4 (N = 66) | CKD 5 (N = 15) |
---|---|---|---|---|
*P < 0.05. CKD: chronic kidney disease; BMI: body mass index; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; IQR: interquartile range. | ||||
Age (years) | 63.5 (29 - 92) | 72 (31 - 93) | 78 (37 - 93) | 74 (45 - 99) |
Gender: male | 53% (10) | 60% (67) | 58% (38) | 57% (9) |
Race | ||||
Caucasian | 3.9% | 30.1% | 20.5% | 4.5% |
Arab | 2.9% | 4.8% | 3.2% | 0.64% |
Asian | 1.3% | 8.7% | 4.8% | 1.6% |
Black | 1.3% | 3.9% | 1.3% | 0 |
European | 0.6% | 2.2% | 1.9% | 0.3% |
South American | 0.3% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
Height (m) | 1.65 (IQR 1.03 - 1.9) | 1.68 (IQR 1.5 - 1.96) | 1.68 (IQR 1.47 - 1.96) | 1.67 (IQR 1.4 - 1.8) |
Weight (kg) | 78.5 (IQR 53.3 - 130.6) | 80 (IQR 43 - 150) | 73.5 (IQR 34 - 131.5) | 77.7 (IQR 50.9 - 123.6) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 (IQR 18.9 - 43.2) | 27.9 (IQR 17 - 53.2) | 27.2 (IQR 20.2 - 45.9) | 27.9 (IQR 20.3 - 43.8) |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus* | 31.2% | 38.2% | 56% | 39.1% |
Dementia* | 3.13 | 0 | 4 | 8.7 |
Pacemaker | 0.32 | 2.56 | 2.88 | 0.32 |
Gout | 0.96 | 5.77 | 6.73 | 0.96 |
GERD | 1.92 | 5.77 | 1.28 | 0.96 |
Atrial fibrillation | 0.96 | 6.41 | 4.81 | 0.32 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 0 | 6.41 | 4.49 | 0.64 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.96 | 4.17 | 4.49 | 0.32 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.96 | 13.78 | 8.97 | 2.24 |
Congestive heart failure | 2.4 (1) | 47.6 (20) | 38.1 (16) | 11.9 (5) |
Cancer* | 18.8% | 29.3% | 34% | 43.5% |
Liver disease | 0 | 1.28 | 0.64 | 0.32 |
COPD | 1.28 | 8.97 | 4.49 | 1.92 |
Deep venous thrombosis | 0.32 | 3.21 | 0.64 | 0 |
Dyslipidemia | 1.92 | 17.63 | 11.86 | 3.21 |
Hematuria | 36.7 | 28.4 | 27.8 | 52.4 |
Proteinuria* | 30 | 31.3 | 60.8 | 90.5 |
Hypothyroidism* | 9.4% | 11.5% | 15% | 17.4% |
Clinic | ||||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 137 (IQR 101 - 188) | 142 (IQR 92 - 239) | 143 (IQR 88 - 195) | 139 (IQR 107 - 200) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76.5 (IQR 60 - 102) | 76 (IQR 49 - 102) | 71 (IQR 41 - 104) | 77 (IQR 40 - 100) |
Heart rate (beats/minute) | 73 (IQR 51 - 104) | 70 (IQR 49 - 123) | 70.5 (IQR 49 - 114) | 74 (IQR 62 - 106) |
Laboratory | ||||
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (µIU/L) | 1.6 (IQR 0.78 - 6.18) | 1.83 (IQR 0.18 - 109.5) | 1.8 (IQR 0.06 - 9.5) | 2.51 (IQR 0.26 - 6.39) |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)* | 67.5 (IQR 60 - 93) | 41 (IQR 30 - 59) | 24 (IQR 15 - 29) | 11 (IQR 9 - 14) |
Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 88.5 (IQR 63 - 128) | 132 (IQR 80 - 193) | 208 (IQR 130 - 349) | 393 (IQR 241 - 626) |
Hemoglobin (g/L)* | 133 (IQR 102 - 162) | 127 (IQR 77 - 172) | 115 (IQR 82 - 171) | 106 (IQR 76 - 151) |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 139 (IQR 133 - 143) | 139 (IQR 127 - 148) | 138.5 (IQR 134 - 145) | 139 (IQR 133 - 142) |
Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 (IQR 3.7 - 4.9) | 4.5 (IQR 2.6 - 5.6) | 4.6 (IQR 3.4 - 6.2) | 4.8 (IQR 3 - 5.9) |
Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 26.5 (IQR 21 - 30) | 26 (IQR 20 - 33) | 25 (IQR 14 - 31) | 23.5 (IQR 18 - 28) |
Blood urea (mmol/L) | 5.95 (IQR 2.9 - 16.2) | 8.7 (IQR 3.1 - 29) | 14.7 (IQR 6.7 - 28.7) | 19.6 (IQR 2.9 - 42.8) |
Serum albumin (g/L)* | 41.5 (IQR 34 - 46) | 41 (IQR 19.5 - 47) | 37 (IQR 23 - 46) | 36 (IQR 22 - 41) |
Serum uric acid (mmol/L) | 380 (IQR 235 - 588) | 397 (IQR 117 - 879) | 392 (IQR 225 - 690) | 409 (IQR 201 - 555) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.75 (IQR 2.77 - 7.33) | 4.43 (IQR 2.0 6- 7.32) | 3.98 (IQR 1.92 - 6.55) | 3.93 (IQR 2.39 - 11.65) |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.18 (IQR 0.73 - 2.06) | 1.17 (IQR 0.54 - 2.02) | 1.08 (IQR 0.58 - 1.99) | 1.06 (IQR 0.6 - 2.71) |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.61 (IQR 1.32 - 4.89) | 2.39 (IQR 0.02 - 5.55) | 2.06 (IQR 0.56 - 5.85) | 2.09 (IQR 1.08 - 8.5) |
Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.45 (IQR 2.25 - 2.46) | 2.39 (IQR 1.27 - 2.71) | 2.38 (IQR 1.19 - 2.76) | 2.39 (IQR 1.84 - 2.66) |
Ionized calcium (mmol/L) | 1.27 (IQR 1.16 - 1.32) | 1.25 (IQR 1.17 - 1.39) | 1.27 (IQR 1.17 - 1.41) | 1.27 (IQR 1.13 - 1.32) |
Serum phosphate (mmol/L)* | 1.26 (IQR 0.9 - 1.51) | 1.15 (IQR 0.63 - 1.73) | 1.29 (IQR 0.86 - 2.26) | 1.495 (IQR 0.95 - 2.26) |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 4 (IQR 2.03 - 18.8) | 4 (IQR 4 - 293) | 5.7 (IQR 4 - 122) | 6.7 (IQR 4 - 47.1) |
Ferritin (µg/L)* | 50 (IQR 10 - 417) | 71 (IQR 3 - 486) | 79 (IQR 7 - 1,022) | 119.5 (IQR 2.22 - 743) |
HbA1c (%) | 5.8 (IQR 5 - 9.6) | 5.7 (IQR 5.2 - 11.3) | 6.2 (IQR 5.2 - 9.6) | 5.5 (IQR 6 - 9) |
Absolute HbA1c (%)* | 7.6 (IQR 4.4 - 128) | 7.6 (IQR 5.3 - 15.1) | 7.2 (IQR 5 - 14.4) | 6.4 (IQR 4.1 - 9.9) |
Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)* | 1.32 (IQR 0 - 324.14) | 5.13 (IQR 0 - 725.6) | 31.9(IQR 0 - 1,413.97) | 110.3 (IQR 5.2 - 978.8) |
eGFR slope (mL/min/1.73 m3/day) | 0.014 (IQR -1.03 - 0.102) | -0.003 (IQR -0.158 - 0.246) | 0.00016 (IQR -0.15 - 0.60) | -0.0019 (IQR - 0.014 to -0.016) |
Radiology | ||||
Right kidney (cm) | 11 (IQR 8.5 - 14.2) | 10.1 (IQR 5.2 - 24) | 9.5 (IQR 4.9 - 27.5) | 9.5 (IQR 3.2 - 11.8) |
Left kidney (cm) | 11 (IQR 6.6 - 14) | 10.3 (IQR 5.6 - 23) | 9.8 (IQR 5.9 - 28.2) | 9.3 (IQR 5 - 11.8) |
Average kidney (cm) | 10.8 (IQR 8.6 - 13.5) | 9.95 (IQR 4.8 - 23.5) | 9.65 (IQR 6.8 - 27.85) | 8.925 (IQR 5.6 - 11.8) |
Total kidney volume (mL3) | 238.3 (IQR 66 - 693.4) | 271 (IQR 75.2 - 1,707.4) | 338.4 (IQR 84.5 - 3,765.5) | 223.1 (IQR 112.7 - 445.1) |
Variables | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value |
---|---|---|---|
*P < 0.05. CI: confidence interval. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone. | |||
Unadjusted | |||
Baseline eGFR | 0.999 | 0.998 - 1.000 | 0.0976 |
TSH > 5 µIU/L | 1.007 | 0.989 - 1.025 | 0.4311 |
TSH ≤ 5 µIU/L (reference) | 1.0 | ||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 0.999 | 0.999 - 1.000 | 0.0028* |
Urine nephrotic range (g/L) | 0.970 | 0.947 - 0.994 | 0.0493* |
Urinalysis: urine overt proteinuria | 0.986 | 0.971 - 1.002 | |
Urinalysis: urine trace proteinuria | 0.988 | 0.969 - 1.007 | |
Urinalysis: reference negative proteinuria | 1.0 | ||
Adjusted multivariate model | |||
Baseline eGFR | 0.999 | 0.998 - 1.000 | 0.0029* |
TSH > 5 µIU/L | 1.052 | 1.006 - 1.100 | 0.0275* |
TSH ≤ 5 µIU/L (reference) | 1.0 | ||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 0.999 | 0.999 - 1.000 | 0.0066* |
Urine nephrotic range (g/L) | 0.966 | 0.942 - 0.990 | 0.0053* |
Urinalysis: urine overt proteinuria | 0.985 | 0.969 - 1.001 | 0.0754 |
Urinalysis: urine trace proteinuria | 0.983 | 0.964 - 1.002 | 0.0873 |
Urinalysis: reference negative proteinuria | 1.0 |
Variable | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value |
---|---|---|---|
*P < 0.05. GLM: generalized linear model; CI: confidence interval. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone. | |||
Unadjusted | |||
TSH > 1.8 µIU/L | 1.02 | 1.01 - 1.08 | 0.0129* |
History of diabetes | 0.98 | 0.91 - 0.99 | 0.0017* |
Systolic blood pressure | 5.16 | 1.94 - 13.6 | 0.0011* |
eGFR | 0.03 | 0.01 - 0.15 | < 0.0001* |
Multivariate adjusted GLM model | |||
TSH > 1.8 µIU/L | 1.02 | 1.01 - 1.23 | 0.0312* |
History of diabetes | 0.98 | 0.83 - 0.99 | 0.0292* |
Systolic blood pressure | 3.67 | 1.43 - 9.49 | 0.0071* |
eGFR | 0.06 | 0.01 - 0.24 | 0.0001* |