Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website https://www.jofem.org |
Original Article
Volume 12, Number 3, June 2022, pages 79-88
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Childhood Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Survivors
Figures
Tables
Frequency (%) | |
---|---|
These characteristics are reported on full study population (n = 129) except where restricted by information available in the medical records. aTumor histology missing for n = 9. bPrimary tumor site missing for n = 36. cMetastatic disease status missing for n = 47. dSurgery missing for n = 3. eChemotherapy missing for n = 5. fRadiation therapy missing for n = 5. gAutologous stem cell transplant missing for n = 2. iGCT: intracranial germ cell tumor; NGGCT: non-germinomatous germ cell tumor. | |
Age at diagnosis | |
0 - 14 years | 85 (65.9) |
15 - 19 years | 44 (34.1) |
Median age (interquartile range) (years) | 13.3 (10.1 - 15.7) |
Sex | |
Male | 92 (71.3) |
Female | 37 (26.7) |
Race/ethnicity | |
Non-Hispanic white | 92 (71.3) |
Black | 4 (3.1) |
Hispanic | 10 (7.8) |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 9 (7.0) |
Other/mixed | 14 (10.9) |
Histologya | |
Germinoma | 82 (68.3) |
NGGCT | 38 (31.7) |
Primary tumor siteb | |
Suprasellar | 39 (41.9) |
Other | 54 (58.1) |
Metastatic disease at diagnosisc | |
Yes | 11 (13.4) |
No | 71 (86.6) |
Surgeryd | |
Yes | 89 (96.7) |
No | 3 (3.3) |
Chemotherapye | |
Yes | 73 (81.1) |
No | 17(18.9) |
Radiation therapyf | |
Yes | 85 (94.4) |
No | 5 (5.6) |
Autologous stem cell transplantg | |
Yes | 8 (8.6) |
No | 85 (91.4) |
No GH deficiency, N (%) | Pre-diagnosis GH deficiency, N (%) | Post-diagnosis GH deficiency, N (%) | Chi-squared or Fisher’s P-value, pre- vs. no GH deficiency | Chi-squared or Fisher’s P-value, post- vs. no GH deficiency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-GH deficiency is GH deficiency diagnosed before iGCT. Post-GH deficiency is GH deficiency diagnosis after iGCT. Analysis completed on n = 79. GH: growth hormone; iGCT: intracranial germ cell tumor; NGGCT: non-germinomatous germ cell tumor; N/C: not calculated. | |||||
Total | 44 (55.7) | 14 (17.7) | 21 (26.6) | ||
Age at diagnosis | 0.21 | 0.07 | |||
0 - 14 years | 23 (52.3) | 10 (71.4) | 16 (76.2) | ||
15 - 19 years | 21 (47.7) | 4 (28.6) | 5 (23.8) | ||
Sex | 0.09 | 0.36 | |||
Male | 34 (77.3) | 7 (50.0) | 14 (66.7) | ||
Female | 10 (22.7) | 7 (50.0) | 7 (33.3) | ||
Race/ethnicity | 0.78 | 0.55 | |||
Non-Hispanic white | 33 (75.0) | 10 (71.4) | 17 (81.0) | ||
Black | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | ||
Hispanic | 3 (6.8) | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Asian/Pacific Islander | 5 (11.4) | 2 (14.3) | 1 (4.8) | ||
Other/mixed | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.5) | ||
Primary tumor site | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||
Suprasellar | 5 (11.6) | 13 (92.9) | 15 (71.4) | ||
Other | 38 (88.4) | 1 (7.1) | 6 (28.6) | ||
Histology | 0.15 | 0.75 | |||
Germinoma | 29 (69.1) | 12 (92.3) | 13 (65.0) | ||
NGGCT | 13 (31.0) | 1 (7.7) | 7 (35.0) | ||
Surgery | N/C | N/C | |||
Yes | 43 (100.0) | 13 (92.9) | 19 (90.5) | ||
No | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (9.5) | ||
Chemotherapy | N/C | 0.72 | |||
Yes | 36 (85.7) | 11 (78.6) | 17 (81.0) | ||
No | 6 (14.3) | 3 (21.4) | 4 (19.1) | ||
Cumulative radiation dose | N/C | 0.13 | |||
Low dose < 38 Gy | 16 (55.2) | 8 (66.7) | 5 (27.8) | ||
Medium dose 38 - 51 Gy | 4 (13.8) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (33.3) | ||
High dose 51+ Gy | 9 (31.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (38.9) |
Risk factors | Post-GH deficiency | No GH deficiency | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Chi-squared P-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Chi-squared P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH: growth hormone; iGCT: intracranial germ cell tumor; CI: confidence interval. | ||||||
Age at diagnosis | ||||||
0 - 14 years | 16 | 23 | 2.92 (0.91 - 9.37) | 0.07 | 4.87 (0.74 - 32.04) | 0.10 |
15 - 19 years | 5 | 21 | Ref | Ref | ||
Tumor site | ||||||
Suprasellar | 15 | 5 | 19.00 (5.03 - 71.74) | < 0.0001 | 38.66 (3.45 - 436.21) | 0.003 |
Other | 6 | 38 | Ref | |||
Radiation dose, high vs. low | ||||||
Low dose < 38 Gy | 5 | 16 | Ref | Ref | ||
High dose 51+ Gy | 7 | 9 | 2.49 (0.61 - 10.18) | 0.84 | 9.03 (0.68 - 119.5) | 0.33 |
Medium 38 - 51 Gy | 6 | 4 | 4.80 (0.95 - 24.14) | 0.13 | 10.68 (0.93 - 122.86) | 0.19 |