Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website https://www.jofem.org |
Original Article
Volume 11, Number 5, October 2021, pages 115-122
Evaluation of Visceral Adiposity Index and Vitamin D Status in Colon Cancer: Is Visceral Obesity the Missing Link?
Tables
Variables | Patients group (n = 60) | Control group (n = 40) | Corrected P value |
---|---|---|---|
All values were provided as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or ratio. BMI: body mass index; FBS: fasting blood sugar; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VAI: visceral adiposity index. | |||
Age (years) | 56.97 ± 5.58 | 56.78 ± 7.22 | 0.882 |
Gender, n (%) | |||
Male | 42 (70%) | 26 (65%) | 0.378 |
Female | 18 (30%) | 14 (35%) | |
Height (m) | 1.69 ± 0.078 | 1.69 ± 0.0795 | 0.645 |
Weight (kg) | 91.50 ± 16.9 | 89.7 ± 12.54 | 0.566 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.15 ± 5.072 | 31.3 ± 3.764 | 0.849 |
Waist (cm) | 112.42 ± 18.22 | 109.83 ± 16.0 | 0.467 |
FBS (mg/dL) | 100.9 ± 9.78 | 98.5 ± 8.57 | 0.207 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 241.97 ± 54.19 | 226.65 ± 38.34 | 0.125 |
LDL-C (mg/L) | 148.95 ± 73.16 | 136.32 ± 59.51 | 0.188 |
HDL-C (mg/L) | 44.2 ± 7.8 | 49.25 ± 8.45 | 0.003 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 244.08 ± 51.1 | 205.38 ± 39.062 | 0.006 |
VAI | 3.92 ± 1.492 | 3.265 ± 1.099 | 0.019 |
25(OH) vitamin D | 19.39 ± 9.297 | 24.1 ± 8.425 | 0.011 |
Vitamin D deficiency | 32 (53.3%) | 13 (32.5%) | 0.032 |
Variables | Patients group (n = 60) | Control group (n = 40) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
All values were provided as mean ± standard error. Model 1: adjusted for age, BMI, and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age. Model 3: adjusted for BMI. Model 4: adjusted for sex. HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; VAI: visceral adiposity index; 25(OH)D: 25-OH vitamin D; BMI: body mass index. | |||
Model 1 | |||
HDL-C (mg/L) | 44.2 ± 1.047 | 49.25 ± 1.282 | 0.012 |
TG (mg/dL) | 243.939 ± 8.616 | 205.591 ± 10.552 | 0.002 |
VAI | 3.925 ± 0.172 | 3.261 ± 0.21 | 0.009 |
25(OH)D | 19.38 ± 1.154 | 24.14 ± 1.413 | 0.019 |
Model 2 | |||
HDL-C (mg/L) | 44.19 ± 1.043 | 49.263 ± 1.28 | 0.008 |
TG (mg/dL) | 244.088 ± 8.83 | 205.367 ± 10.82 | 0.025 |
VAI | 3.925 ± 0.17 | 3.262 ± 0.21 | 0.031 |
25(OH)D | 19.39 ± 1.16 | 24.128 ± 1.42 | 0.040 |
Model 3 | |||
HDL-C (mg/L) | 44.353 ± 1.014 | 49.021 ± 1.242 | 0.002 |
TG (mg/dL) | 242.912 ± 8.603 | 207.131 ± 10.546 | 0.001 |
VAI | 3.879 ± 0.158 | 3.331 ± 0.193 | 0.001 |
25(OH)D | 19.455 ± 1.159 | 24.031 ± 1.421 | 0.026 |
Model 4 | |||
HDL-C (mg/L) | 44.232 ± 1.04 | 49.202 ± 1.28 | 0.008 |
TG (mg/dL) | 243.204 ± 8.418 | 206.694 ± 10.313 | 0.001 |
VAI | 3.928 ± 0.174 | 3.256 ± 0.214 | 0.040 |
25(OH)D | 19.354 ± 1.158 | 24.182 ± 1.418 | 0.052 |
Variables | Non-deficient vitamin D (25 (OH) D > 20.00) (n = 32) | Deficient vitamin D (25 (OH) D < 20.00) (n = 28) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
All values were provided as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or ratio. 25(OH) D: 25-OH vitamin D; BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VAI: visceral adiposity index; FBS: fasting blood sugar. | |||
Age (years) | 57.93 ± 4.37 | 56.13 ± 6.41 | 0.215 |
Gender | |||
Male | 22 (68.8%) | 20 (71.4%) | 0.5 |
Female | 10 (31.2%) | 8 (28.6%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.12 ± 4.869 | 32.18 ± 5.32 | 0.968 |
Height (m) | 1.68 ± 0.0633 | 1.689 ± 0.09 | 0.671 |
Weight (kg) | 90.89 ± 15.53 | 92.03 ± 18.25 | 0.797 |
Waist (cm) | 109.71 ± 15.9 | 114.78 ± 19.96 | 0.286 |
Total cholesterol (mg/L) | 242.82 ± 52.6 | 241.22 ± 56.36 | 0.91 |
LDL-C (mg/L) | 150.64 ± 48.27 | 147.47 ± 54.18 | 0.813 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 45.36 ± 9.6 | 43.19 ± 5.78 | 0.303 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 234.11 ± 75.59 | 252.81 ± 71.0 | 0.327 |
VAI | 3.475 ± 0.989 | 4.31 ± 1.75 | 0.029 |
FBS (mg/dL) | 101.79 ± 9.82 | 100.156 ± 9.85 | 0.525 |
Variables | N (%) |
---|---|
LVI: lymphovascular invasion; PNI: perineural invasion. | |
TNM stage | |
I | 10 (16.7 %) |
II | 13 (21.7%) |
III | 23 (38.3%) |
IV | 14 (23.3%) |
Nodal staging | |
N0 | 19 (31.65%) |
N1 | 22 (36.7%) |
N2 | 19 (31.65%) |
Pathology type | |
Adenocarcinoma | 41 (68.3%) |
Mucoid type | 12 (20%) |
Signet ring type | 7 (11.7%) |
LVI/PNI | |
Negative | 14 (61.7%) |
Positive | 37 (23.3%) |
Unknown | 9 (15%) |
Site of tumor | |
Right | 23 (38.3%) |
Left | 22 (36.7%) |
Transverse | 11 (6.7%) |
Sigmoid | 4 (18.3%) |
Variables | Vitamin D level | BMI | VAI |
---|---|---|---|
Normal vs. abnormal | |||
BMI: body mass index; VAI: visceral adiposity index; LVI: lymphovascular invasion; PNI: perineural invasion. | |||
TNM stage | |||
I-II | 23.17 ± 9.12 | 30.91 ± 3.7 | 3.29 ± 1.09 |
III | 18.13 ± 8.85 | 34.1 ± 6.23 | 4.27 ± 1.3 |
IV | 15.25 ± 8.51 | 30.96 ± 4.01 | 4.36 ± 2.01 |
P value | 0.027 | 0.058 | 0.031 |
Nodal staging | |||
N0 | 21.684 ± 10.199 | 30.61 ± 3.33 | 3.43 ± 1.1 |
N1 | 19.522 ± 10.2 | 33.88 ± 5.47 | 4.37 ± 1.67 |
N2 | 16.947 ± 6.79 | 31.69 ± 5.65 | 3.89 ± 1.59 |
P value | 0.295 | 0.106 | 0.131 |
Pathology type | |||
Adenocarcinoma | 19.37 ± 9.385 | 31.8350 ± 4.91 | 3.778 ± 1.352 |
Mucoid type | 17.67 ± 8.731 | 33.0264 ± 6.89 | 4.547 ± 1.983 |
Signet ring type | 22.428 ± 10.31 | 32.5078 ± 1.7 | 3.693 ± 1.236 |
P value | 0.568 | 0.765 | 0.27 |
LVI/PNI | |||
Negative | 15.5 ± 9.4 | 32.88 ± 4.196 | 3.81 ± 1.381 |
Positive | 20.5 ± 8.981 | 32.49 ± 5.731 | 4.01 ± 1.613 |
Unknown | 20.89 ± 9.8 | 29.61 ± 2.127 | 3.73 ± 1.233 |
P value | 0.203 | 0.260 | 0.842 |
Site of tumor | |||
Right | 20.695 ± 10.41 | 32.89 ± 5.18 | 4.14 ± 1.46 |
Left | 19.18 ± 9.032 | 32.6 ± 5.69 | 3.89 ± 1.46 |
Transverses | 19.41 ± 8.24 | 30.09 ± 3.71 | 3.55 ± 1.87 |
Sigmoid | 13.0 ± 6.32 | 31.11 ± 3.81 | 3.91 ± 0.849 |
P value | 0.512 | 0.46 | 0.761 |