Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website https://www.jofem.org |
Original Article
Volume 11, Number 2, April 2021, pages 35-41
Correlation Between Changes in the Serum Magnesium Concentration and Visceral Fat Volume in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Luseogliflozin: A Sub-Analysis of Data From the LIGHT Study
Tables
At the base line | At 24 weeks | P value | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||||||||
Age (n = 31), years | 53.3 | 7.9 | ||||||||||||
BMI (n = 31), kg/m2 | 28.2 | 3.5 | 27.3 | 3.5 | < 0.01 | |||||||||
BW (n = 31), kg | 79.1 | 13.3 | 76.6 | 13.2 | < 0.01 | |||||||||
FPG (n = 31), mg/dL | 164.8 | 38.2 | 139.9 | 27.9 | < 0.01 | Wilcoxon | ||||||||
HbA1c (n = 31), % | 7.6 | 0.6 | 7.2 | 0.9 | < 0.01 | Wilcoxon | ||||||||
eGFR (n = 31), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 83.5 | 20.7 | 84.3 | 21.4 | 0.61 | |||||||||
ADP (n = 31), mg/dL | 5.9 | 1.9 | 6.3 | 2.2 | < 0.05 | Wilcoxon | ||||||||
HDL-C (n = 31), mg/dL | 52.2 | 15.6 | 53.9 | 18.7 | 0.37 | |||||||||
LDL-C (n = 31), mg/dL | 122.6 | 30.8 | 129.2 | 38.8 | 0.19 | |||||||||
Mg (n = 31), mg/dL | 2.11 | 0.17 | 2.17 | 0.15 | < 0.05 | Wilcoxon | ||||||||
Ca (n = 31), mg/dL | 9.34 | 0.28 | 9.31 | 0.39 | 0.75 | Wilcoxon | ||||||||
K (n = 31), mg/dL | 4.19 | 0.26 | 4.14 | 0.29 | 0.25 | |||||||||
P (n = 31), mg/dL | 3.41 | 0.49 | 3.52 | 0.49 | 0.22 | |||||||||
Na (n = 31), mg/dL | 140.1 | 2.2 | 140 | 2.2 | 0.1 | |||||||||
At the base line | At 24 weeks | P value | ||||||||||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | |||||||||
Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). Differences in the variables between the groups were compared using the Student’s t-test for paired data. When the data were not normally distributed, they were shown by interquartile range (IQR) and the Wilcoxon singed-rank test was used. BMI: body mass index; BW: body weight; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)): hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, ADP: adiponectin; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; FFA: free fatty acid; SFV: subcutaneous fat volume; VFV: visceral fat volume; Mg: magnesium; Ca: calcium; K: potassium; P: phosphate; Na: sodium. | ||||||||||||||
TG (n = 31), mg/dL | 105 | 137 | 216 | 89 | 120 | 178 | 0.5 | |||||||
FFA (n = 31), mg/dL | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.78 | 0.2 | |||||||
SFV (n = 31), cm3 | 338.6 | 523.2 | 745.8 | 276.0 | 570.5 | 662.8 | 0.94 | |||||||
VFV (n = 31), cm3 | 276.9 | 413.5 | 522.1 | 233.1 | 379.2 | 506.5 | 0.24 |
Initial | Changes in the values at 24 weeks | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation coefficient | P value | Correlation coefficient | P value | ||
The data at 24 weeks minus the data at the baseline are expressed as Δ (e.g., ΔMg = (Mg concentration at 24 weeks) - (Mg concentration at the baseline)). BW: body weight; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)): hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ADP: adiponectin; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; FFA: free fatty acid; SFV: subcutaneous fat volume; VFV: visceral fat volume; Mg: magnesium; Ca: calcium; K: potassium; P: phosphate; Na: sodium. | |||||
BW (n = 31) | 0.09 | 0.62 | ΔBW (n = 31) | -0.27 | 0.14 |
FPG (n = 31) | -0.09 | 0.63 | ΔFPG (n = 31) | -0.28 | 0.13 |
HbA1c (n = 31) | 0.15 | 0.41 | ΔHbA1c (n = 31) | -0.42 | < 0.05 |
eGFR (n = 31) | 0.12 | 0.51 | ΔeGFR (n = 31) | -0.31 | 0.06 |
ADP (n = 31) | -0.21 | 0.26 | ΔADP (n = 31) | 0.02 | 0.93 |
HDL-C (n = 31) | -0.12 | 0.54 | ΔHDL-C (n = 31) | 0.34 | 0.06 |
LDL-C (n = 31) | 0.02 | 0.93 | ΔLDL-C (n = 31) | -0.04 | 0.83 |
TG (n = 31) | 0.06 | 0.76 | ΔTG (n = 31) | -0.26 | 0.16 |
FFA (n = 31) | 0.14 | 0.47 | ΔFFA (n = 31) | -0.06 | 0.75 |
SFV (n = 31) | 0.09 | 0.61 | ΔSFV (n = 31) | -0.11 | 0.54 |
VFV (n = 31) | 0.29 | 0.11 | ΔVFV (n = 31) | -0.37 | < 0.05 |
Mg (n = 31) | -0.77 | < 0.01 | ΔCa (n = 31) | 0.03 | 0.86 |
Ca (n = 31) | 0.26 | 0.14 | ΔK (n = 31) | 0.00 | 1.00 |
K (n = 31) | 0.12 | 0.52 | ΔP (n = 31) | -0.37 | < 0.05 |
P (n = 31) | 0.02 | 0.91 | ΔNa (n = 31) | 0.12 | 0.5 |
Na (n = 31) | 0.12 | 0.50 |
β | 95% CI | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
To identify the determinants of the ΔMg after 24 weeks of luseogliflozin treatment, multiple regression analysis (forced-entry method) was performed. The data at 24 weeks minus the data at the baseline are expressed as Δ (e.g., ΔMg = (Mg concentration at 24 weeks) - (Mg concentration at the baseline)). Mg: magnesium; VFV: visceral fat volume; HbA1c (NGSP): hemoglobin A1c; P: phosphate; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval. | |||
Baseline serum Mg concentrations | -0.47 | -0.84, -0.13 | 0.01 |
ΔVFV | -0.33 | -0.59, -0.09 | 0.03 |
ΔHbA1 | -0.24 | -0.46, 0.03 | 0.15 |
ΔP | -0.15 | -0.36, 0.09 | 0.36 |
BMI | 0.12 | -0.12, 0.32 | 0.45 |
Age | -0.11 | -0.31, 0.11 | 0.47 |
Sex | 0.04 | -0.09, 0.13 | 0.76 |