Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website https://www.jofem.org |
Original Article
Volume 11, Number 1, February 2021, pages 22-27
Dietary Factors Associated With Dyslipidemia Traits in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Tables
Variables | Male (n = 124) | Female (n = 131) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Values are n (%) and median (25th - 75th percentiles). | |||
Demographic parameters | |||
Age, years | 50.0 (46.0 - 56.0) | 53.0 (49.3 - 57.0) | 0.001 |
Current smoking, % | 45.0 | 5.5 | < 0.001 |
Statin use, % | 4.0 | 7.6 | 0.222 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8 (23.2 - 26.7) | 23.3 (22.0 - 26.2) | 0.161 |
Waist circumference, cm | 88.5 (83.1 - 92.0) | 80.5 (74.5 - 89.0) | < 0.001 |
Metabolic parameters | |||
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 6.1 (5.7 - 6.5) | 5.8 (5.4 - 6.3) | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 2.0 (1.4 - 2.6) | 1.5 (1.1 - 2.2) | 0.002 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.6 (1.3 - 2.2) | 1.0 (0.7 - 1.5) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.3 (1.2 - 1.6) | 1.5 (1.3 - 1.8) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130.0 (118.0 - 140.0) | 131.5 (120.0 - 140.0) | 0.570 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80.0 (74.0 - 89.9) | 79.0 (72.0 - 86.0) | 0.170 |
Dietary factors | |||
Total energy intake, kcal | 2,429 (1,837 - 3,134) | 2,104 (1,782 - 2,498) | < 0.001 |
Protein intake, g | 86.5 (65.0 - 122.5) | 89.0 (69.0 - 110.0) | 0.344 |
Fat intake, g | 66.5 (44.3 - 95.8) | 64.0 (53.0 - 84.0) | 0.379 |
Carbohydrate intake, g | 304.0 (241.8 - 368.5) | 280.0 (233.0 - 326.0) | 0.018 |
Alcohol intake, g | 15.9 (0.0 - 37.6) | 0.3 (0.0 - 2.4) | < 0.001 |
Energy expenditure, kcal | 2,290 (2,100 - 2,549) | 2,149 (1,879 - 2,437) | < 0.001 |
Parameters | Male | Female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI | WC | Log-TG | HDL-C | BMI | WC | Log-TG | HDL-C | |
*P < 0.05. | ||||||||
Demographic parameters | ||||||||
Current smoking, yes | 0.129 | 0.137 | 0.154 | -0.244* | 0.696 | 0.121 | 0.064 | -0.102 |
Statin use, % | -0.004 | -0.032 | 0.166 | 0.180* | 0.009 | 0.039 | -0.161 | 0.225* |
BMI, kg/m2 | - | 0.850* | 0.127 | -0.363* | - | 0.797* | 0.165 | -0.252* |
Waist circumference, cm | 0.850* | - | 0.220* | -0.408* | 0.797* | - | 0.130 | -0.0137 |
Dietary factors | ||||||||
Total energy intake, kcal | 0.214* | 0.158 | -0.041 | -0.092 | 0.075 | -0.029 | -0.039 | 0.013 |
Protein intake, g | 0.175 | 0.112 | -0.122 | -0.059 | -0.004 | -0.102 | -0.002 | -0.012 |
Fat intake, g | 0.166 | 0.105 | -0.116 | -0.091 | 0.045 | -0.082 | -0.031 | -0.027 |
Carbohydrate intake, g | 0.247* | 0.194* | -0.072 | -0.236* | 0.13 | 0.063 | -0.028 | -0.014 |
Alcohol intake, g | 0.104 | 0.092 | 0.202* | 0.149 | 0.12 | 0.151 | 0.038 | 0.193* |
Main source of complex carbohydrate | ||||||||
White rice, g | 0.126 | 0.204* | 0.119 | -0.226* | 0.128 | 0.201* | -0.152 | -0.095 |
Noodle, g | 0.049 | 0.020 | -0.157 | -0.011 | 0.004 | -0.060 | 0.031 | -0.027 |
Bread, g | -0.119 | -0.091 | -0.126 | 0.110 | 0.013 | -0.136 | -0.020 | -0.009 |
Fruit, g | -0.101 | -0.146 | -0.089 | 0.062 | -0.007 | -0.067 | 0.137 | -0.100 |
Milk, g | 0.086 | -0.062 | -0.074 | 0.026 | -0.148 | 0.018 | 0.049 | 0.007 |
Snack, g | -0.002 | 0.051 | -0.098 | -0.088 | 0.189 | 0.069 | 0.085 | -0.240* |
Energy expenditure, kcal | 0.357* | 0.287* | 0.087 | -0.094 | 0.353* | 0.262* | -0.123 | -0.115 |
Parameters | Male | Female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
log-TG | HDL-C | log-TG | HDL-C | |||||
β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | |
*P < 0.05. | ||||||||
Age | -0.062 | 0.551 | 0.044 | 0.657 | 0.114 | 0.252 | -0.017 | 0.862 |
Body mass index | 0.097 | 0.334 | -0.318 | 0.001* | 0.287 | 0.006* | -0.224 | 0.025* |
Current smoking | 0.139 | 0.154 | -0.158 | 0.087 | 0.025 | 0.791 | -0.131 | 0.146 |
Statin use, % | 0.166 | 0.068 | 0.180 | 0.046* | 0.225 | 0.012* | -0.161 | 0.065 |
Dietary factors | ||||||||
Protein intake | -0.532 | 0.215 | 0.490 | 0.227 | 0.272 | 0.280 | -0.152 | 0.529 |
Fat intake | 0.262 | 0.517 | -0.336 | 0.379 | -0.198 | 0.398 | 0.178 | 0.429 |
Carbohydrate intake | 0.084 | 0.585 | -0.281 | 0.055 | -0.084 | 0.551 | -0.149 | 0.269 |
Alcohol intake | 0.223 | 0.026* | 0.137 | 0.146 | 0.030 | 0.760 | 0.297 | 0.002* |
Energy expenditure | 0.098 | 0.327 | 0.087 | 0.355 | -0.222 | 0.026* | -0.099 | 0.297 |