Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 6, December 2019, pages 193-198


The Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Pyuria Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. The recruitment of studied subjects.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Coexisting mental illness in studied subjects.

Tables

Table 1. Characteristics of Studied Subjects
 
BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HPF: high-power field.
Gender (male/female)69/52
Age (year)63.2 ± 13.4
Weight (kg)67.0 ± 16.2
BMI (kg/m2)26.0 ± 5.7
Mental illness (n)48
Duration of diabetes (year)5.1 ± 7.5
HbA1c (%)8.5 ± 2.1
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)197 ± 95
Urine leukocytes (/HPF)
  < 166
  1 - 425
  5 - 911
  10 - 2911
  30 - 494
  50 - 993
  ≥ 1001
  Total121

 

Table 2. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Non-Pyuria Group and Pyuria Group
 
Non-pyuria (n = 102)Pyuria (n = 19)P value
BMI: body mass index.
Age (year)62.8 ± 12.765.1 ± 17.20.60
≥ 65 years old (%)51.063.20.33
Female (%)35.384.2< 0.01
Weight (kg)67.3 ± 16.465.3 ± 15.50.62
Waist circumference (cm) (n = 99)92.196.10.32
BMI (kg/m2)25.6 ± 5.627.7 ± 6.20.16
Mental illness (%)35.363.20.02
Taking psychotropic drugs (%)33.357.90.04
Duration of mental illness (year)17.7 ± 14.316.9 ± 17.00.85

 

Table 3. Comparison of Diabetic Complications Between Non-Pyuria Group and Pyuria Group
 
Non-pyuria (n = 102)Pyuria (n = 19)P value
CVR-R: coefficient of variations of R-R intervals.
Duration of diabetes (year)5.3 ± 7.64.0 ± 7.20.483
Numbness (%)19.621.10.309
CVR-R (%) (n = 79)3.2 ± 2.0 (n = 67)1.8 ± 1.1 (n = 12)0.002
CVR-R ≥ 2% (%)67.2 (n = 45)33.3 (n = 4)0.049
CVR-R < 2% (%)32.8 (n = 22)66.7 (n = 8)0.049
Use of laxatives (%)9.821.10.232
Retinopathy (%) (n = 74)13.710.50.703

 

Table 4. Comparison of Laboratory Data Between Non-Pyuria Group and Pyuria Group
 
Non-pyuria (n = 102)Pyuria (n = 19)P value
Cre: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
eGFR (mL/min)82.1 ± 21.872.6 ± 25.70.10
Cre (mg/dL)0.72 ± 0.170.74 ± 0.30.67
BUN (mg/dL)14.6 ± 5.314.5 ± 5.00.92
Proteinuria (%)16.731.60.20
Glucosuria (%)42.242.11.00
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)199 ± 100190 ± 630.70
HbA1c (%) (n = 120)8.5 ± 2.28.4 ± 1.50.80

 

Table 5. Comparison of Data Between Non-Pyuria Group and Pyuria Group in Female Patients
 
Non-pyuria (n = 36)Pyuria (n = 16)P value
CVR-R: coefficient of variations of R-R intervals.
Mental illness (%)36.175.00.01
CVR-R < 2% (%)18.272.7< 0.01
CVR-R (%)3.51.5< 0.01

 

Table 6. Differences in Clinical Characteristics Among Patients With Non-Mental Illness, Mood Disorder and Schizophrenia
 
Non-mental illness (n = 73)Mood disorder (n = 17)Schizophrenia (n = 19)P value
BMI: body mass index.
Pyuria (%)9.611.821.10.36
Age (year)66.1 ± 10.958.7 ± 16.556.1 ± 15.1< 0.01
≥ 65 years old (%)56.252.942.10.55
Female (%)37.047.147.40.59
BMI (kg/m2)24.5 ± 4.228.4 ± 7.830.3 ± 6.7< 0.01

 

Table 7. Differences in Clinical Characteristics Among Patients With Non-Mental Illness, Mood Disorder and Schizophrenia
 
Non-mental illness (n = 73)Mood disorder (n = 17)Schizophrenia (n = 19)P value
CVR-R: coefficient of variations of R-R intervals; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
CVR-R (%) (n = 60)3.1 ± 2.12.8 ± 1.93.6 ± 2.20.71
Use of laxatives (%)4.111.826.30.01
Retinopathy (%) (n = 74)1123.510.50.72
Glucosuria (%)41.729.457.90.22
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)198 ± 92203 ± 132207 ± 790.93
HbA1c (%)8.6 ± 2.18.8 ± 2.58.5 ± 2.00.92

 

Table 8. Comparison of Results Between Previous Studies And Present Study
 
StudiesNakano et al, [2]Ozdem et al, [3]Present study
CVR-R: coefficient of variations of R-R intervals; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
Publication (year)200120062019
Mean age (years)64.860.163.2
HbA1c (%)8.69.18.5
Duration of diabetes (years)10.07.95.1
Prevalence of pyuria (%)
  Non-diabetic males-3.4-
  Non-diabetic females15.88.7-
  Diabetic males-12.24.3
  Diabetic females27.921.430.8
Risk factorsOlder age, diabetes, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, history of macroangiopathy, longer duration of diabetesDiabetes, femaleMental illness, female, lower CVR-R