Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website http://www.jofem.org |
Original Article
Volume 9, Number 6, December 2019, pages 186-192
Increased Ratio of Total Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone May Predict an Adverse Metabolic Outcome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Figures
Tables
Parameters | PCOS (n = 40) | Control (n = 40) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Data were expressed as frequency, percentage, and mean ± SD. Comparison between PCOS and control was done by Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; PCO: polycystic ovaries; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; SD: standard deviation. | |||
Age (years) | 23.18 ± 4.66 | 23.00 ± 4.32 | 0.862 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.14 ± 4.16 | 20.84 ± 3.48 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 84.05 ± 10.85 | 71.15 ± 5.82 | < 0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 100.98 ± 10.17 | 88.38 ± 7.40 | < 0.001 |
Waist/hip ratio | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.80 ± 0.04 | 0.046 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 111.5 ± 14.24 | 104.50 ± 10.85 | 0.055 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72.50 ± 10.56 | 69.38 ± 9.35 | 0.097 |
Menstrual disturbance | 36 (90%) | 0 | - |
Hirsutism | 22 (55%) | 0 | - |
Acanthosis nigricans | 23 (57.5%) | 0 | - |
PCO in ultrasonogram | 31 (77.5%) | 0 | - |
Fasting insulin (µU/mL) | 23.01 ± 21.57 | 8.54 ± 3.80 | < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.50 ± 0.67 | 3.67 ± 0.40 | < 0.001 |
2-h post 75-g glucose (mmol/L) | 7.40 ± 1.95 | 6.10 ± 1.23 | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 4.44 ± 3.70 | 1.40 ± 0.70 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 165.50 ± 24.34 | 160.78 ± 24.12 | 0.386 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 134.90 ± 76.30 | 91.88 ± 28.87 | 0.002 |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 37.39 ± 7.24 | 49.65 ± 9.54 | < 0.001 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 101.38 ± 24.79 | 92.73 ± 18.90 | 0.083 |
Parameters | PCOS (n = 40) | Control (n = 40) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Data were expressed as mean ± SD. P values were calculated using Student’s t-test. PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; TT: total testosterone; DHT: dihydrotestosterone; TT/DHT: total testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio; SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin; FAI: free androgen index; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; SD: standard deviation. | |||
TT (ng/mL) | 0.69 ± 0.26 | 0.30 ± 0.13 | < 0.001 |
DHT (ng/mL) | 0.252 ± 0.180 | 0.207 ± 0.180 | 0.261 |
TT/DHT ratio | 3.51 ± 1.95 | 2.02 ± 1.03 | < 0.001 |
SHBG (nmol/L) | 32.16 ± 21.33 | 47.66 ± 24.70 | 0.004 |
FAI | 10.93 ± 8.52 | 2.93 ± 2.17 | < 0.001 |
TSH (µIU/mL) | 2.55 ± 1.43 | 1.67 ± 0.93 | 0.002 |
Prolactin (ng/mL) | 12.67 ± 11.40 | 15.43 ± 6.19 | 0.183 |
Parameters | PCOS (n = 40) | Control (n = 40) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Data were expressed as frequency, percentage. P values were calculated using Chi-square test. PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome. | |||
Prediabetes | 13 (32.5) | 2 (5) | 0.002 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2 (5) | 0 | - |
Insulin resistance | 26 (65) | 3 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
Metabolic syndrome | 17 (42.5) | 2 (5) | < 0.001 |
Metabolic parameters | TT/DHT ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PCOS (n = 40) | Control (n = 40) | Pa | ||
Data were expressed as mean ± SD, compared using Student’s t-test. P: comparison within PCOS group; Pa: comparison between PCOS vs. control; N/D: not done because this category was not sufficient in control group. PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; TT/DHT ratio: testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio. | ||||
Metabolic syndrome | Yes (n = 17, 2) | 4.33 ± 2.54 | 3.06 ± 0.41 | N/D |
No | 2.90 ± 1.06 | 1.96 ± 1.03 | ||
P | 0.041 | 0.146 | ||
Impaired glucose tolerance | Yes (n = 13, 2) | 4.73 ± 2.73 | 1.55 ± 1.79 | N/D |
No | 2.92 ± 1.08 | 2.04 ± 1.01 | ||
P | 0.037 | 0.521 | ||
Insulin resistance | Yes (n = 26, 3) | 3.74 ± 2.10 | 2.10 ± 1.18 | N/D |
No | 3.07 ± 1.61 | 2.00 ± 1.03 | ||
P | 0.304 | 0.876 | ||
Obesity | Yes (n = 28,10) | 3.71 ± 2.16 | 2.10 ± 1.09 | 0.032 |
No | 3.05 ± 1.32 | 1.99 ± 1.03 | ||
P | 0.339 | 0.764 |
Determinants of “r” | PCOS (n = 40) | Control (n = 40) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
TT/DHT ratio | r | P | r | P |
Correlation was done between the two groups by Pearson correlation. PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; TT/DHT ratio: total testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio, HOMA-IR: homeostatic measurement of assessment of insulin resistance. *P < 0.05. | ||||
Weight (kg) | 0.323 | 0.042* | 0.007 | 0.966 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.165 | 0.253 | -0.002 | 0.991 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 0.372 | 0.018* | 0.013 | 0.939 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.072 | 0.660 | 0.056 | 0.733 |
2-h post 75-g glucose (mmol/L) | 0.413 | 0.008* | 0.241 | 0.134 |
Fasting insulin (µIU/L) | 0.305 | 0.056 | 0.188 | 0.246 |
HOMA-IR | 0.385 | 0.014* | 0.162 | 0.317 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.402 | 0.010* | 0.307 | 0.054 |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | -0.187 | 0.247 | -0.124 | 0.445 |