Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access
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Short Communication

Volume 14, Number 5, October 2024, pages 250-257

A Comparison Between Canonical and Alternative Pathways in Triglyceride Synthesis

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Liver expression of Dgat1, Dgat2, Tmem68, and Tmx1. Hepatic mRNA levels of (a) Dgat1, (b) Dgat2, (c) Tmem68, and (d) Tmx1 in mice with ad libitum feeding, 20-h fasting, and 4-h refeeding following the fasting (n = 4, 5, 3, for the fed, fasting, and re-fed groups, respectively). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. ns: non-significant; SEM: standard error of the mean.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Expression of Dgat1, Dgat2, Tmem68, and Tmx1 in white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT mRNA levels of (a) Dgat1, (b) Dgat2, (c) Tmem68, and (d) Tmx1 in mice with ad libitum feeding, 20-h fasting, and 4-h refeeding following the fasting (n = 4, 5, 3, for the fed, fasting, and re-fed groups, respectively). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ns: non-significant; SEM: standard error of the mean.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Expression of Dgat1, Dgat2, Tmem68, and Tmx1 in white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT mRNA levels of (a) Dgat1, (b) Dgat2, (c) Tmem68, and (d) Tmx1 in mice on chow and 3-month HFD (n = 5 per group). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ns: non-significant; SEM: standard error of the mean; HFD: high-fat diet.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Expression of Dgat1, Dgat2, Tmem68, and Tmx1 in white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT mRNA levels of (a) Dgat1, (b) Dgat2, (c) Tmem68, and (d) Tmx1 in young and old mice. Young and old mice that are 3 and 20 months old, respectively (n = 5 per group). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ns: non-significant; SEM: standard error of the mean.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Plasma AST and glucose levels in Tmem68 KO mice. (a) plasma AST and (b) glucose levels in WT and Tmem68 KO mice. Data were obtained from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). #P < 0.01. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. SEM: standard error of the mean; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; WT: wild-type; KO: knockout.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. A model of how canonical and alternative pathways work during the fed-fasting cycle in the liver. DG: diacylglycerol; TG: triglyceride.
Figure 7.
Figure 7. A model of how canonical and alternative pathways work during the fed-fasting cycle in white adipose tissue. DG: diacylglycerol; TG: triglyceride.